Klebsiella spp.
Klebsiella spp.
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET – INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES
SECTION I – INFECTIOUS AGENT
NAME: Klebsiella spp.
SYNONYM OR CROSS REFERENCE: K. pneumoniae, Friedlander’s pneumonia, K. oxytoca, K. ozaenae
CHARACTERISTICS: Family Enterobacteriaceae, gram negative small rods, nonmotile, facultatively anaerobic, occurring singly, capsulated and in mucoid colonies
SECTION II – HEALTH HAZARD
PATHOGENICITY: Frequent cause of nosocomial urinary and pulmonary infections; wound infections; secondary infection in lungs of patients with chronic pulmonary disease; enteric pathogenicity (enterotoxin); ozena (atrophy of nasal mucosa) and rhinoscleroma
EPIDEMIOLOGY: Worldwide; 2/3 of all infection due to Klebsiella spp. are hospital-acquired; causes 3% of all acute bacterial pneumonia; common source of nosocomial outbreaks
HOST RANGE: Humans, animals (horses, cattle)
INFECTIOUS DOSE: Not known
MODE OF TRANSMISSION: Feces are the most significant source of patient infection; contact with contaminated equipment in hospitals (catheters, I.V. etc, respiratory devices)
INCUBATION PERIOD: Not clearly identified
COMMUNICABILITY: Not directly transmitted from person-to-person
SECTION III – DISSEMINATION
RESERVOIR: Soil, water, human skin, nasopharynx and bowel of humans and intestinal tract of animals
ZOONOSIS: None
VECTORS: None
SECTION IV – VIABILITY
DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY: Generally susceptible to aminoglycosides and cephalosporins (7% resistant to ceftazidime); resistant to carbenicillin, ampicillin and quinolones
SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISINFECTANTS: Susceptible to many disinfectants – 1% sodium hypochlorite, 70% ethanol, 2% glutaraldehyde, iodines, phenolics, formaldehyde
PHYSICAL INACTIVATION: Sensitive to moist heat (121° C for at least 15 min) and dry heat (160-170° C for at least 1 hour)
SURVIVAL OUTSIDE HOST: Glass coverslips – 4 hrs; lanolin hand cream – several days; bronchodilator solution – days; sawdust in barn – days
SECTION V – MEDICAL
SURVEILLANCE: Monitor for symptoms; confirmation by sputum samples
FIRST AID/TREATMENT: Administer antibiotic therapy where necessary
IMMUNIZATION: None
PROPHYLAXIS: Not usually administered
SECTION VI – LABORATORY HAZARDS
LABORATORY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS: 1 reported laboratory acquired infection with K. pneumoniae up to 1976
SOURCES/SPECIMENS: Respiratory specimens, sputum, pleural exudate; blood, feces, urine, wounds, abscesses, cerebrospinal fluid
PRIMARY HAZARDS: Direct contact of mucous membranes with contaminated objects; inhalation of infectious aerosols; accidental parenteral inoculation; ingestion
SPECIAL HAZARDS: None
SECTION VII – RECOMMENDED PRECAUTIONS
CONTAINMENT REQUIREMENTS: Biosafety level 2 practices, containment equipment and facilities for activities with cultures or potentially infectious clinical materials
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: Laboratory coat; gloves when direct contact with infectious materials is unavoidable
OTHER PRECAUTIONS: None
SECTION VIII – HANDLING INFORMATION
SPILLS: Allow aerosols to settle; wearing protective clothing, gently cover spill with paper towels and apply 1% sodium hypochlorite, starting at perimeter and working towards the centre; allow sufficient contact time (30 min) before clean up
DISPOSAL: Decontaminate before disposal; steam sterilization, chemical disinfection, incineration
STORAGE: In sealed containers that are appropriately labelled
SECTION IX – MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION
Date prepared: March, 2001
Prepared by: Office of Laboratory Security, PHAC
Although the information, opinions and recommendations contained in this Material Safety Data Sheet are compiled from sources believed to be reliable, we accept no responsibility for the accuracy, sufficiency, or reliability or for any loss or injury resulting from the use of the information. Newly discovered hazards are frequent and this information may not be completely up to date.
Copyright © Health Canada, 2001
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